Photography

How digital photography is produced?

-Cameras  

An automatic camera adjusts shutter speed and lens aperture (exposure) always, and may focus the lens as well. A Manual camera requires that you do those settings yourself, but gives you much more control. Automation, with options for manual control, is pretty much the norm nowadays in both film and digital cameras. In both, there may be no provision for full manual control at all in less-expensive cameras, but there is usually "programmed" control, where the camera can be set for certain conditions of lighting and sometimes subject movement.

-Capturing images

Viewfinder - A small viewing window that shows the image that the camera's imaging sensor sees. a viewfinder is what the photographer looks through to compose, and, in many cases, to focus the picture. Most viewfinders are separate, and suffer parallax, while the single-lens reflex camera lets the viewfinder use the main optical system.

lens - A camera lens is an optical lens or assembly of lenses used in conjunction with a camera body and mechanism to make images of objects either on photographic film. E.g. a fisheye lens is designed for shooting very wide angles, usually 180 degrees. They are popular in landscape, extreme sport, and artistic photography. And a Macro lens a lens suitable for taking photographs unusually close to the subject.

Image sensor -An image sensor is a solid-state device, the part of the camera's hardware that captures light and converts what you see through a viewfinder or LCD monitor into an image.

Aperture - Aperture is the unit of measurement that defines the size of the opening in the lens that can be adjusted to control the amount of light reaching the film or digital sensor. The size of the aperture is measured in F-stop.

Shutter - a shutter is a device that allows light to pass for a determined period, exposing photographic film or a light-sensitive electronic sensor to light in order to capture a permanent image of a scene.

Memory - This is where expansion memory cards are inserted. The proper position of the card are often indicated. A mechanical catch usually holds the card in place and a spring helps it eject.

-Lighting

Flash - A flash is a device used in photography producing a flash of artificial light.  Built-in on the body of most compact and some DSLR cameras this can either be fixed or flip type, it provides an instantaneous burst of bright light to illuminate a poorly lit scene.

Exposure - exposure is the amount of light per unit area (the image plane illuminance times the exposure time) reaching a photographic film, as determined by shutter speed, lens aperture and scene luminance.

White balance - White balance is a camera setting that adjusts for lighting in order to make white objects appear white in photos. This is more difficult than it might seem due to the fact that light cast from different sources is different in color (technically called temperature).

Lights - lighting is the illumination of scenes to be photographed. A photograph simply records patterns of light, colour, and shade; lighting is all-important in controlling the image.

Colour - Color temperature refers to a characterization of the spectral properties of a light source and is commonly used during the production phase in the film and photography industries. Low color temperature is the warmer, more yellow to red light while high color temperature is the colder, more blue light.

-Support

Hand held - hand-held shooting is a filmmaking and video production technique in which a camera is held in the camera operator's hands as opposed to being mounted on a tripod or other base.

Tripod - a tripod is used to stabilize and elevate a camera, a flash unit, or other photographic equipment. All photographic tripods have three legs and a mounting head to couple with a camera.




-File storage 

Type/ Size - When digital cameras store photographs on removable media cards, they can compress the photo to save room on the card. This lets you take more photos. The three main file formats for digital photographs are RAW, TIFF and JPEG. Both RAW and TIFF formats do not apply any compression to the photo to save space on your memory card.

The difference in file size between a photo saved with the RAW/TIFF (uncompressed) format and a photo saved in the JPEG (compressed) format:

RAW/TIFF file size - 34MB

JPEG file size- 1.3MB

And this is the number of photos that you might expect to be able to take using a 128 MB removable media card:

RAW/TIFF - 38 photos 

JPEG- 98 photos